作者:管郁达
石罴是我在贵州大学艺术学院教过的学生。他学的是油画,我教的是艺术史论方面的课程,所以,当时并不常见面。记得一九九八年我和董重在贵阳组织“西西弗青年艺术家提名展”时,石罴也在其中,大概就是从那个时候开始,石罴画出了一些与城市题材有关的作品。那些作品朴实、真诚,透过荒芜破败的城市场景表现青春的压抑和苦闷,流露出一种原始地域的表现主义情绪。
贵阳是一个在六十年代“三线建设”中突然崛起于西南山地坝子的新兴工业城市。这种工业化的进程不同于中国其它地方,如沈阳或武汉这样的大工业城市因天时地利之便所具有的恢宏气势。贵阳的工业布局完全受制于山地坝子狭小的地形,见缝插针,杂乱无章,零星散落在一些河谷与坡地的城乡结合部之间。农业文明与工业文明无序混杂所呈现出来的“城市风景”给人的感觉非常诡异。有如超现实主义画家笔下的魔幻场景。
石罴的绘画灵感来源于学生时代具体的日常生活感受,他所生活的贵阳郊野到处充斥着一种冷酷野性的工业化“风景”。他从自己的身体感觉切入城市这个永远让人疑惑的话题,用一种近乎冷酷的象征手法描述了“城市”这个既熟悉又陌生的异托邦:这是一种具有存在主义意味的观看经验,有如法国作家加缪(Albert Camus)在其名作《鼠疫》和《局外人》中所表达的那种人类普遍的生存困境。
大致说来,石罴绘画关于城市的隐喻和象征有三种表达方式:一为“家园”,这类作品有意歪曲房屋、树、汽车和鸟之间的透视关系,制造了一种有如微缩景观的观看效果;其二为“空城计”,这类作品大多取俯瞰的视角任意截取城市的某一角落,好像早期都市电影记录的片段;其三为“沙盘”,艺术家戏仿房地产营销中的楼盘展示方式,将破败的房屋和街角置于玻璃盒子之中,一本正经的表达中难掩其黑色幽默式的机锋。
石罴的这些作品都具有一种挽歌意味的伤感情调,他使那些我们熟悉的、生活在其中的城市陌生化、间隔化,从而制造了一种有关城市的“剧场”效果,以唤起我们对“家园”的渴望和反思。其实,城市之为城市,就是因为它隐藏着我们能生活下去的秘密理由。发现这样的理由,就是我们真正认识一个城市的开始。正如意大利作家卡尔维诺(Italo Calvino)所说:“城市犹如梦境:凡可以想象的东西都可以梦见,但是,即使最离奇的梦境也是一幅谜画,其中隐藏着欲望,或者隐藏着反面的恐惧,像梦一样。”
同样,石罴笔下的城市就是这样一幅幅破败、荒芜的谜画。他想说的是,无论我们眼中的城市有多少丑恶和不幸,我们还有寻找快乐和幸福的权利。也许我们永远也找不到,但我们至少永远都在找的路上。这便是艺术家对“城市”的理解。因为城市也由欲望和恐惧造成,尽管二者之间只有秘密的交流、荒谬的规律和虚假的比例,尽管每种事物隐藏着另一种事物。石罴的“城市”也是会思想的生命活体。城市也认为自己是心思和机缘的造物,可是两者都支不起城墙。我们喜欢一个城市,不在于它有八种或八十种奇景,只在于它对我们的问题所提示的答案。或者在于它迫使我们回答的问题:“搜寻尚可依稀可见到的幸福快乐的踪迹,测量它缺失的程度。如果你想知道周围有多么黑暗,你就得留意远处的微弱光线。”(卡尔维诺〈Italo Calvino〉)——这既是石罴的绘画在向“城市”提问,也是石罴笔下的“城市”给我们的提问。
2008年10月16日夜于昆明
Walking at the Invisible City
Guan Yuda
Shi Pi was one of the students of mine when I worked at the School of Art in Guizhou University. He was major in oil painting and I was mainly responsible for the courses about the history, so we didn’t often meet in class. It was in 1998 when Dong Zhong and I organized the “Sisyphus---Young Artists Nominated Exhibition” in Guiyang that Shi Pi was one of the exhibitors. Perhaps, from then on, he began to paint on the subject of a city, simply and sincerely, to express the depression of the youth through the waste and dilapidated city view, revealing his expressive feelings of the original region.
Guiyang grew up rapidly as a newly industrial city in southwest of China from the “construction of the third line” in 1960’s. Without the natural advantage of location like other Chinese big industrial cities such as Shenyang or Wuhan, Guiyang had its own plan of industrialization to make use of the unorderly plots among the outskirts of the cities in river valleys and hillside areas, restricted within the narrow flats of the mountainous region. The “city view”, mix by civilizations between agriculture and industry in confusion, seemed quite grotesque as the magic land created by surrealists.
Shi Pi should be inspired by the daily feelings of his school time in the suburb of Guiyang where the cold and wild industrialized “view” could be found in every corner. He came into the everlasting topic of puzzle by his own physical sensations to paint the “city” as the familiar and strange heterotopias by the symbolism quite straight. It’s more like existentialism that French author Albert Camus wrote in his famous <<Pestis>> and <<Outsider>> to focus on the universal difficulties of existence.
Generally, Shi Pi has three ways of symbolization, or metaphor, referred to a city. First is “home”. The houses, trees, cars and birds were painted out of perspective intentionally as the result of a miniature. Secondly, “empty city stratagem”, any part of a city was overlooked and recorded like the early urban documentaries. Last one is “sandbox” borrowed from real estate agency. The dilapidated houses and streets were arranged into a glass box in all seriousness, but the wit of black humor unveiled.
It was by the sad elegy in his paintings that we were distanced from the city we lived and used to be familiar with, and aroused our missing of “home” when we were not on the stage. In fact, a city is the place to hide the secret reason of our survival which accounts for us understanding in the real beginning. Italian author Italo Calvino said: “A city is a dream: all the imaginations will be found. But, even the most extraordinary dream is still a puzzle painted with desires, or, unreal and reversed fears under cover.”
The cities created by Shi Pi are the same, dilapidated and waste, to present his thought of the “city” that no matter how ugly or unfortunately our cities are, we still have the right of happiness. Maybe we will never reach it, but at least we are on our way there. A city consists in desires and fears, since they have been covered with each other by secret communication, ridiculous regulation and illusive proportion. His “city” is alive and able to think itself as the creature with idea and fortune, however, which can’t put up the walls. Our attention would rather give to a city’s answer to our question than its eight or eighty kinds of wonderful view. Or, what we are forced to face: “Searching for the hints of happiness able to see, measure how much it has been lost already. Be careful, darkness is going to show when the distant light comes over in a manner.” (Italo Calvino)---the artist questioned his “city” and the “city” is questioning us the same too.
October 16, 2008 at night, Kunming
在看不见的城市漫游
在看不见的城市漫游
在看不见的城市漫游
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